vocabulary+1

__Norman Unrau on Vocabulary...__
 * Weaker readers should focus on recognizing "target words" visually until they can do so automatically
 * "Limited vocabulary contributes to the achievement gap between social groups"
 * Words should be broken up into categories of high and low frequency words in order to prioritize what students need to know
 * Student-led vocabulary growth, flash cards, word-rich environments, fostering word consciousness, and strategic instruction are suggestions for teachers to help students develop their vocabulary
 * PASSION is an acronym for a sequence of activities that students should engage when they meet an unfamiliar or unknown word...
 * **Pause.** Stop when you meet a word you don't know.
 * **Access long-term memory.** Use it and your inner dictionary to check for possible meanings.
 * **Survey the words' structure.** Check its root, prefix, and suffix for clues to its meaning.
 * **Synonym play.** Try to find a word that means the same thing.
 * **Investigate the context.** What clues to the word's neighbors give you about the unfamiliar word's meaning?
 * **Outsource.** Try a resource outside of yourself, such as a dictionary or a friend.
 * **Note it down.** Make a flash card out of it so that you can learn it.

Reference: Unrau, N. (2004). Content area reading and writing: Fostering literacies in middle and high school. Upper Saddle Rive, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

       http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3942
 * The Wonderful World of WORD WALLS **
 * Display high frequency words on your WORD WALL (these are the words that students needs to know "by heart")
 * Add 4-5 words/wk (suggested for elementary students)
 * Use different colors/shapes when constructing the WORD WALL to help students differentiate the words
 * You can group words according to...
 * alphabetical order
 * grammatical categories
 * use in the classroom
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">etc., etc., etc.
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Remember: reinforcement is key! A WORD WALL that is forgotten or ignored is a waste of your wall space

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/mm/oise2005/bestpractice/wordwall.htm
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Make sure that your WORD WALL consists of words that are **<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">useful **<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">, **<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">usable **<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">, and **<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">frequently encountered in your subject area **
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Consistency in your organization of the WORD WALL is key (don't change the location of words in your classroom)
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Don't overcrowd the WORD WALL (you can restart the wall every unit or move to a different space when it is full)
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Add 5-7 words/wk (suggested for adolescent students)
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Make the WORD WALL visually stimulating

A few extra tips I picked up at a language conference... <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: Georgia,serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: Georgia,serif;">- Sarah :) <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: Georgia,serif;">
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Use words from the WORD WALL in classroom testing. It's not cheating if they look at the wall because with enough repetition, the students will internalize the words and not need the wall anymore!
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Saving the location of the words provides students with a safety net - they know where to look if they can't remember the word
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Here's an example of a WORD WALL ([|heatherwall2.jpg]) from a science classroom
 * <span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(128, 0, 128); line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica,helvetica,sans-serif;">You can find this WORD WALL and visual examples of others at the following website<span style="font-size: small; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">: <span style="font-size: small; line-height: 19px; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/studentsuccess/thinkliteracy/gallery.html

=__**<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: Georgia,serif;">Know Your Roots - Word Parts **__= =<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: Georgia,serif;"> = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: Georgia,serif;">A significant portion of the English words come from Greek and Latin roots. Therefore, by learning common Greek and Latin roots, students can quickly expand their vocabulary and even figure out definitions on their own!!

<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">**Applying to Your Content Area Greek and Latin roots can be found in all subjects and math, social studies, English and science are no exceptions.**

<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Many Prefixes and suffixes come from Greek and Latin roots as well:
 * ~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Root ||~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Meaning ||~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Examples ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">alt ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">high ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">altitude, altimeter ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">chron ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">time ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">chronology, synchronize ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">civ ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">citizen ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">civilization, civilian ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">dict ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">speak ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">dictionary, dictate ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">liber ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">free ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">liberate, liberty ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">magn ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">great ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">magnify, magnificent ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">ped ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">foot ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">pedal, pedestrian ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">scrib ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">write ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">scribe, describe ||
 * = <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">therm ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">heat ||= <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">thermometer, thermal ||


 * ~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Prefix ||~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Meaning ||~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Examples ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">ad || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">toward || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">adhere, advance ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">bi || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">two || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">bianary, bicycle ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">geo || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">earth || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">geography, geology ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">trans || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">across || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">transport, transcontinental ||

These charts were taken from [|https://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/roots/gre_rts_afx3.htm]
 * ~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Suffix ||~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Meaning ||~ <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Examples ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">cian || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">possessing skill or art || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">magician, musician ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">ee || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">one who receives || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">payee, nominee ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">ful || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">full || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">delightful, helpful ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">ish || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">resembling || <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">foolish, clownish ||

<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Prior to starting a new unit a teacher can: <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Other good ideas: <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"> <span style="text-align: center; display: block; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Here is an example of a worksheet a teacher can use to introduce important words <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); text-align: left; display: block;"> - Chris
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Explain how words are formed and that many words are derived from other languages.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Test the students to see if they can figure out meanings for useful words in the subject matter by themselves, then afterwards put them in groups to see if they can collaborate and get more.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Students can also come up with other English words that use the same prefixes, roots or suffixes.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Afterwards, go over the words as a class.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Create a word wall with commonly used roots and their meanings for your subject matter.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">As new words are introduced throughout the year, have students make connections between the new and the already studied words.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Make sure the students realize that these skills can be transferred to other suject areas.

**__<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-family: Times New Roman;">Concept-Mastery Map __** <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Many words and concepts that students encounter in school can be unfamiliar to them. A Concept-Mastery Map can help to make students more familiar with difficult words. This strategy allows students to use the word or concept in many different ways so that they can become more comfortable with it. The different ways the word will be introduced are: <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"> ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Concept (or word) and its dictionary definition, ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Example from reading or real life, ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Original sentence using the word, ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Antonym, ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Word origin, ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Synonym, ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> A situation in which you would use the concept or word, and ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;">  <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Something you would like to know about the concept or word.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">**__ APPLYING TO YOUR CONTENT AREA __** <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Regardless of the content area, students are going to be unfamiliar with some of the words or concepts being covered. This strategy will help to familiarize students more with the words or concepts they may have less experience with.

__** Prior to using this strategy a teacher can: **__ __**<span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Other good ideas: **__
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Explain what the words, "antonym," and "synonym," mean.
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Determine if students know the difination of the word or concept already.
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Help students find the defination and origin of the word or concept.
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Introduce the strategy by using a word that students are familair with already.
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Create a word wall with the words or concepts used in Concept-Mastery Maps
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">Remind students that this stratgey can be used in their other subjects for words they are unfamilliar with.

Here is an example of the Concept-Mastery Map template:

__<span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(61, 67, 143);">**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(50, 46, 168); font-size: 110%;">Synonym Webs ** __

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(29, 104, 35); font-size: 120%;">Synonym webs will help students increase their vocabulary and spice up their writing and speaking skills by varying the words they use to express similar meanings. The synonym web strategy also helps students reach a higher level of critical thinking regarding their vocabulary by asking students to categorize words into groups based on their similarities.


 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(35, 32, 126);">Lesson Template w/rationale: ** [[file:Demo+lesson+template+.doc]]

<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(56, 64, 173);">**Synonym Scramble Game Lesson**:

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(31, 112, 32);">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(31, 112, 32); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">I transferred the whole game/lesson to a word doc in case it ever gets taken off the website
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(42, 126, 49);">I included the web address where I got the lesson from, it has a lot of useful ELA lessons besides the one I used.


 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(53, 68, 151);">Example Synonym Web Template: ** [[file:characterization1.pdf]]

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(36, 97, 40);">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(36, 97, 40); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The website for free graphic organizers is on the bottom of the template (Freeology.com)
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(48, 115, 56);">Ignore the characterization portion on template (I just covered it up and made photo copies)

<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(29, 68, 42);">-Nicole :o)